GRANGE-OVER-SANDS

Although the Romans under Agricola crossed the sands on their campaign to subjugate the Brigantian tribes of northern Britain, there is no evidence of settled occupation in the Cartmel peninsula. Around 678 AD, the Cartmel peninsula was granted to St Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, by King Egfrith of Northumberland for the establishment of a monastery. An early church dedicated to St Cuthbert was built at Kirkhead near Allithwaite, although nothing now remains of the structure. It was not until 1189 that an enduring ecclesiastical presence was established with the founding of Cartmel Priory next to the River Eea (pronounced ‘Ay').

Farming and fishing were the mainstays of life for the local population, ably supported by the monks of Cartmel Priory. Limestone was crushed and burned to produce quicklime for spreading on the fields to ‘sweeten' the grass, woods provided coppice timber for agricultural implements and for charcoal burning, oats were grown, and the sea and rivers yielded good supplies of fish. The monks stored their grain at Grange (from the French word ‘graunge' meaning ‘granary') and may have had a small harbour here. The priory was at the heart of community life, until it was largely destroyed on the orders of Henry VIII in 1536. An appeal by the villagers to keep the church as a place of worship for the parish was granted, thus saving this impressive church (and the gatehouse) for posterity.

Up to the mid-19th century, the only viable link between the peninsula and the rest of the country was over the sands of Morecambe Bay at low tide. Individuals on foot or travelling by horse and cart would regularly make the perilous journey, fraught with danger from swift incoming tides, unsuspected quicksands or changing river currents. A guide appointed by the abbot of Cartmel Priory would conduct travellers from Kents Bank to Hest Bank near Bolton-le-Sands (9 miles/14.5 km).

The Furness Railway, built in 1857 to transport iron ore and slates from the Furness Peninsula, heralded the end of the over-sands route and the start of a new role for Grange as a seaside resort. The mild climate and proximity to the sea enticed visitors, who arrived by train and boat in ever greater numbers.